Harmonic Analysis - Scale Selection

Vertical and Horizontal scale selection.

Published: 06 Apr 2012 Updated: 12 Apr 2012Visits: 89Code: MLRMAe-10

INSTRUMENTS: Theory Main: Music Others: Ukulele ANY Music
Subjects: Intermediate • Scales • Improvisation • Advanced

All 4 sample page(s) are viewable on-line.

If you are a registered site member, have verified your email address, and have the correct permissions you can view ALL the pages of this PDF or Samples pages at a larger size using the LearningUkulele.com Online PDF Viewer .

This Download is NOT part of your LearningUkulele.com membership level.

Sign-up for Premium Site Access or Upgrade Your Plan your current access level to download this PDF or your can purchase a copy for download.

After purchasing a PDF , a download link will be sent to you within 24hrs. Working on getting it to be automated.

Each PDF file is a formatted, high resolution file that prints out great. You'll need a PDF Reader or application capable of viewing PDF files to view the PDF.

Download the PDF file for the latest, complete, and most up-to-date version. As well as additional information not presented on-line.

Members and Active Students need to sign-in to download this lesson's PDF for the complete lesson.

Harmonic Analysis - Scale Selection


Harmonic Analysis is the understanding of the functional sequence of chords. It is the process used to analyze the harmonic structure of a progression, song or composition. This analysis is then used to make scale selections for improvisation and chord substitution.

This lesson covers the vertical and horizontal scale selection.

Additional Content
Available for Premium Site Access Plans Only

Sorry, can't give it ALL away!

This content requires a Premium / Gold Access Plan or enrolled in the Study with Curt - On-line or Private Lesson Program.

To view additional content for this page you'll need to either Sign In or Register for or Upgrade to a Premium Site Access Plan.

Login or SignUp to View Content

Once a harmonic analysis has been completed then scale selections can be made. These scale selections can be either vertical and horizontal choices.

Vertical Scale Choice

This is a scale per chord approach. When a new chord is encountered the scale is changed based on the chart below. This is a basic scale selection approach. Additional scales can be played against these chords using the same principles that are used with chord substitution (see the Substitution Principles chapter).

Chord Type

Basic Scales
(Starting on Root)

maj
maj7

Ionian(Major)
Lydian (Major)
Major Pentatonic

minor
m7

Dorian
Aeolian (Natural Minor)
Harmonic Minor
Minor Pentatonic

Additional Vertical Scale Choices below .

Sign-IN — it's FREE — to view, un-blur this lesson.

Harmonic Analysis - Scale Selection…

More Vertical Scale Choices

minor/major 7 (mL7)

Tonic Minor

m6

Dorian
Minor Pentatonic

7

Mixolydian (Dominant)
Major Pentatonic

dim
dim 7

Diminished

aug
aug 7

Whole Tone

Horizontal Scale Choices

Scale choices can be made based on the overall tonality of a progression or portions of a progression using horizontal scale choices. The scale will stay in effect until the analysis requires a different scale.

Here are the scale choices applied to the Six Harmonic Principles.

Full Diatonic Chords

Full Diatonic Major

  • Use the Major scale of the I chord

Full Diatonic Minor

  • Use the Natural Minor scale of the I chord on I and III chords
  • Use the Harmonic Minor scale of the I chord on V and VII chords
  • Use the Natural Minor scale or Harmonic Minor scale of the I chord on II , IV , and VI chords

Sample Scale Choices for II V of a II V I Minor

  • Harmonic Minor of the I chord traditional sound
  • Locrian of the II for a more contemporary sound

Partial Diatonic

Use the Vertical Scale Choice approach.

  • For Seventh chords resolving up a perfect fourth (or down a perfect fifth) to a major chord type use a Mixolydian scale.
  • For Seventh chords resolving up a perfect fourth (or down a perfect fifth) to a minor chord type use a Mixolydian -2 -6 scale.

Internal Modulation

  • Use a Full Diatonic or Partial Diatonic solutions.

Unresolved

  • Use a Full Diatonic or Partial Diatonic solutions.

Cycle

  • Use a Full Diatonic or Partial Diatonic solutions.

Chromatic

  • Use a Full Diatonic or Partial Diatonic solutions.
  • For Seventh chords functioning as a bII7 , bIII7 , bV7 , bVI7 , or bVII7 use a Mixolydian +4 scale.

Alternate Scale Choices

Alternate scale choice should be based on the same principles as chord substitution.

The Lydian Scale Uses vs. Ionian Scale

If a major chord is not in a full or partial diatonic progression then the Lydian scale is the better vertical scale choice.

Download the PDF file for the latest, complete, and most up-to-date version. As well as additional information not presented on-line.

End of Lesson - Thanks, Hope You Enjoyed It!

Related Lessons, Videos, Lesson Series, Songs, Books & Reference Charts, Resources & Assets, Workshops are below.

Related Lessons

Related Lessons for Harmonic Analysis - Scale Selection.

MLRMAe

Harmonic Analysis Lesson Series

Updated: 06 Jan 2020

Harmonic Analysis ( HA ) is the process used to determine the harmonic function of chords within a chord progression. A chord progression is defined as a sequence of chords, each chord has a root and has a particular chord type. The relationship of a chord's root to a scale determines its function within that scale's tonality. Once a chord's function is identified, scale selections along with chord and scale substitutions can be made. This process is called Root Movement Analysis ( RMA ). This series of lessons are extracted from my book for use with individual private and on-line students. Each lesson directly corresponds the chapters in my book Harmonic Analysis for Scale Selection and Chord Substitution by Curt Sheller (me).

ML-basic-12

Key Signatures and the Circle of Fifths and Fourths

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

Traditional key signatures provide a wealth of information that can enhance our understanding of music and its underlying principles.

MLRMAe-11

Harmonic Analysis - Chord Substitution Principles

Updated: 13 Dec 2022

A "Substitution" is when a chord replaces or is used in addition to an existing chord. Chords can have an active or passive quality to them. Active chords tend to be restless and want to move on to other chords. Passive chords tend to offer a feeling of rest and resolution. This cycle of active and passive chords are what gives chord progressions their feeling of movement.

MLRMAe-14

Harmonic Analysis - Major and Minor Harmonized Chord Charts

Updated: 06 Apr 2012

Major and Minor Harmonized Chord Charts are used for while doing a Harmonic Analysis (HA). Shows triads and 4-part chords for ALL 15 major and minor keys. "Yes, Virginia there are 15 keys."

MLRMAe-16

Harmonic Analysis - Worksheet and Examples

Updated: 12 Mar 2023

"Harmonic Analysis" is the understanding of the functional sequence of chords. It is the process used to analyze the harmonic structure of a progression, song or composition. A blank worksheet and examples for notating your harmonic analysis.

MLRMAe-15

Harmonic Analysis - Modes Harmonized Chord Charts

Updated: 13 Dec 2022

The triads and 4-part chords for ALL 15 major and minor keys.

Related Books & Charts

Related Books for Harmonic Analysis - Scale Selection.

RMA1

Harmonic Analysis for Scale Selection and Chord Substitution

Updated: 10 Jun 2021

Harmonic Analysis is the understanding of the functional sequence of chords. It is the process used to analyze the harmonic structure of a progression, song or composition. This analysis is then used to make scale selections for improvisation and chord substitution.

QS1

QuickStart Scale Fingerings for Lead Guitar - Volume I

Updated: 03 Jan 2020

Six essential scales for Guitar. Blues, Pentatonic, Dorian, Mixolydian, Aeolian and Ionian scales are covered in all keys with one octave scale fingerings starting on any finger.

QS1UKES

QuickStart Scale Fingerings for Ukulele, Volume I, C Tuning

Updated: 01 Apr 2024

Learn to create exciting solos in a variety of contemporary styles! Scales are used to improvise, create melodies and riffs. With broad knowledge of the essential scales that are used in contemporary music and a mastery of the ukulele's fingerboard and fingering principles, you're well on your way.

QS1UKES-D

QuickStart Scale Fingerings for Ukulele, Volume I, D Tuning

Updated: 01 Jun 2006

This book is out of print and has been replaced by the individual scale books covering each scale with additional information.

QS1UKES-G

QuickStartScale Fingerings for Tenor and Baritone Ukulele, Volume I, G Tuning

Updated: 13 Apr 2023

This book is out of print and has been replaced by the individual scale books covering each scale with additional information.

A Selection of Books & Reference Charts that are recommended for creating a solid foundation with your chosen instrument and music in general.

Books

Learning the Ukulele Fingerboard – C Tuning

Finally, learn the names of the notes of the fingerboard.

Six Secrets of Ukulele Fingering

Learn the six fingering principles to navigating the ukulele fingerboard. Fingering is one of the most universal topics.

Harmonic Analysis for Scale Selection and Chord Substitution

Harmonic Analysis is the understanding of the functional sequence of chords. It is the process used to analyze the harmonic structure of a progression, song or composition.

Ukulele – Reading Music Series – Primer

Learn to read single note melodies in the first/open position is a lot easier than you might think.

Daily Practice Material for the Contemporary Ukulele

An organized collection of daily practice and reference material for the contemporary ukulele player for developing the vocabulary and knowledge necessary for single note playing.

Checkout the Books for ALL available books.

Reference Charts

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for C Tuning, Low or High G - G C E A

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for C Tuning, Low or High G – G C E A

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for G Tuning, Low or High A – D G B E

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for G Tuning, Low or High A – D G B E

Key Signatures — Circle of Fourths and Fifths – ANSI A & A4 sizes

A handy reference chart of all 15 major and relative minor key signatures. US Letter 8.5 x 11 sized (ANSI-A) , A4

Checkout the Books for additional Handy, Dandy Reference Charts.

Related Lesson Files, Resources and Assets

Related Assets for Harmonic Analysis - Scale Selection.

WEB_CONTENT_ONLY

Key Signatures - Cycle of Fourths and Fifths

Updated: 14 Oct 2019

A handy reference chart of all 15 major and relative minor key signatues. US Letter 8.5 x 11 sized.

FL68

A Guide to Advanced Chords Series - Chord Building Chart

Updated: 31 Dec 2016

A handle dandy reference chart for building fifteen (15) basic triads and 4-part chords.

Site Access Plans for LearningUkulele.com

Forever Access - With Forever Premium Access, you get ALL the benefits of a Premium Access Subscription such as Unlimited 24/7 access to ALL lessons, downloads, songs, play-along jam tracks, videos, email access to Curt, resources, related assets, and ALL books by Curt as FREE downloads. Pretty much everything on the site, and NEVER worry about a subscription or surprise payment again. And jump the queue for responding to any questions.

If you're anything like me (Curt) and getting Subscription overloaded with everything and everybody on-line wanting money from you once a month — I'm with you. For like-minded individuals, this forever plan is a pay once, and you're done.

The price for Unlimited Forever access is right around the cost of a few months of private lessons. I can guarantee there is more than enough material on-line to keep you busy for a long, long time. And, you get all of my books for FREE. That alone is more than the cost of this plan.

Premium Access - This premium gives you Unlimited 24/7 access to ALL lessons, downloads, songs, play-along jam tracks, videos, email access to Curt, resources and related assets. As well as ALL books by Curt Sheller as FREE downloads.

Basic Access - A limited selection of basic lessons — ( currently over 140 ) and 100+ songs for ukulele as well as basic general music reference material — Completely FREE — Simply Register/Signup. HOWEVER - I've been doing ukulele and LearningUkulele.com since 2003 and probably have given too much away already - as reflected in my income from the site in relationship to the time spent on the site. So help support this site and its continued development by signing up for one of the below Premium Access Plans or buy a few of my books. - Thanks, Curt

NOTE: Each higher access level includes ALL the benefits of the lower levels. Private Lessons include all the benefits of a Premium Access Plans as long as you remain a student on the schedule.

Just browsing over both books, they look fantastic! I'm a guitarist and uke player for over 25 years and was thinking about writing a ukulele book but you've already written what I think are the best, most comprehensive and thorough books I've ever seen for the instrument. I just might end up buying every book you've written and I'll be giving my highest recommendation for your books to my friends and students. Thank you so much for taking the time to write such great books!Peter Rhee

Aloha, Curt, All I can say is WOW! What you have accomplished is simply incredible! All the bestGlen Hirabayashi, The Aloha Boys

Folks, if you haven't stopped by Curt's site, do so right now! ..And get his books, they are fantastic. This guy knows his stuff and is able to pass it along too.Alan Johnson Proprietor, The 4th Peg

I can highly recommend Curt's Uke books — I have four of them and they are excellent.fatveg — Portland

Want to drop LearningUkulele.com & Learning Ukulele with Curt a nice comment . We always like to know how we are and you are doing. We'll post any comment, quotes throughout the site and you can help spread the word .

Thanks for visiting and checking out the site!

curtieAnim.gif rw.vg.gif

Original Curtie Animation from 1987 for my first web site on a Macintosh II, 37 years ago. Man, does time fly.

“Built for myself (Curt), and sharing with the `Ukulele community!”

LearningUkulele.com has one of the largest collections of lessons, songs, and TABS, Luthiers, ukulele builders, ukulele festival and club information, and, ukulele links on the web. Curt has been on the ®Internet since the early 1990's and This site just never stops growing!!!

Content is added and updated daily — so check back often. I really do need to get out more ;-)

Love LearningUkulele.com? • Show your support!
Support development via a monthly membership or a one-time forever membership!