Key Signatures - Introduction

A summary of the sharps or flats in a Major or its relative Natural Minor scale.

Published: 30 Jun 2013 Updated: 12 Feb 0202Visits: 423Code: UL44i

Category: TheoryInstrument: Music Subjects: Theory

Key Signatures - Introduction


A key signature is a summary of the sharps or flats in a Major or its relative Natural Minor scale.

Key signatures are generally written immediately after the clef at the beginning of a line of standard musical notation. Each major and minor key has an associated key signature that sharpens or flattens the notes which are used in its scale.

Additional Content
Available for Premium Site Access Plans Only

Sorry, can't give it ALL away!

This content requires a Premium / Gold Access Plan or enrolled in the Study with Curt - On-line or Private Lesson Program.

To view additional content for this page you'll need to either Sign In or Register or Upgrade to a Premium Site Access Plan.

Login or SignUp to View Content

Key Signatures

What is a Key Signature?

In musical notation, a key signature is a collection of sharp or flat symbols placed together on the staff. Key signatures are generally written immediately after the clef at the beginning of a line of musical notation, although they can appear in other parts of a score, notably after a double bar line. The key signature provides important information about the notes that should be consistently altered throughout the piece.

The purpose of a key signature is to simplify the notation and reading of music. Instead of having to notate every accidental (sharps or flats) individually, the key signature establishes a consistent alteration of specific notes throughout the composition.

Although a key signature may be written using any combination of sharp and flat symbols, about a dozen diatonic key signatures are by far the most common, and their use is assumed in much of this lesson.

The presence of sharps (♯) or flats (♭) in the key signature indicates which notes should be raised or lowered by a half step (semitone) from their natural pitch. Sharps are indicated by symbols placed on specific lines or spaces of the staff, while flats are indicated by symbols on different lines or spaces. The order and placement of these symbols in the key signature follow a specific pattern.

The key signature not only provides information about the altered notes but also helps musicians identify the tonal center of a piece. It influences the overall character, mood, and harmonic structure of the music.

Each major and minor key has an associated key signature that sharpens or flattens the notes which are used in its scale.

Visit the Key Signatures and the Cycle of Fifths and Fourths lesson for the key signature chart above.

C G D A E B F# C# F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb

By understanding and recognizing key signatures, musicians can more easily read and interpret sheet music, improvise melodies, transpose music to different keys, and understand the relationships between different chords and notes within a given key.

ALL 15 Major and Relative Minor Keys

A key signature is a summary of the sharps or flats in a Major or it’s relative Natural Minor scale.

Key signatures are generally written immediately after the clef at the beginning of a line of standard musical notation. Each major and minor key has an associated key signature that sharpens or flattens the notes which are used in its scale.

In addition to the Key of C Major and it's Relative Minor Key of Am , there are 14 additional major keys.

If a song or composition has a major tonal shift a new key signature will be introduced with the previous key signature canceled with the use of the natural accidental.


C Major / A Minor

It all starts with the Major scales and there‘s not better scale to start with than the C Major scale .

Common Keys

Common Rock, Pop, Folk and Country Keys: C, G, D, A, and E.

These common keys can be directly attributed to the popularity of the guitar in popular popular music.

Common Jazz Keys

Common Jazz Keys: C, F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, and the lone sharp key of G.

This is directly attributed to the popularity of the trumpet and saxophone in this genre of music. Both the trumpet and tenor saxophone are transposing instruments pitched in Bb.

WidipediA: Has a lot of additional information regarding Keys and Key Signatures .

Sign-IN — it's FREE — to view, un-blur any additional content for this lesson.

End of Lesson - Thanks, Hope You Enjoyed It!

Related Lessons, Videos, Lesson Series, Songs, Books & Reference Charts, Resources & Assets, Workshops are below.

Related Lesson Series

Related Lessons Series for Key Signatures - Introduction.

Key Signatures - C Major

Updated: 08 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of A Major and its relative minor key, Am, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - G Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of G Major and its relative minor key, Em, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - D Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of D Major and its relative minor key, Bm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - A Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of A Major and its relative minor key, F#, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - E Major

Updated: 01 Jan 2003

In this lesson series, we explore the key of E Major and its relative minor key, C#, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - B Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of B Major and its relative minor key, G#, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - F# Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of F# Major and its relative minor key, D#, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - C# Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of C# Major and its relative minor key, A#, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - F Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of F Major and its relative minor key, Dm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - Bb Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of Bb Major and its relative minor key, Gm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - Eb Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of Eb Major and its relative minor key, Cm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - Ab Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of Ab Major and its relative minor key, Fm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - Db Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of Db Major and its relative minor key, Bbm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - Gb Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of Gb Major and its relative minor key, Ebm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Key Signatures - Cb Major

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

In this lesson series, we explore the key of Cb Major and its relative minor key, Abm, including their primary and secondary chords, as well as a selection of common chord progressions.

Harmonic Analysis for Scale and Chord Selection

Updated: 09 Jun 2023

Harmonic Analysis (HA), also known as the study of chord relationships, is the method used to identify the harmonic role of chords within a chord progression or song. A chord progression refers to a sequence of chords, with each chord having a root note and belonging to a specific chord type. The function of a chord within a particular scale's tonality is determined by its relationship to that scale.

Related Books & Charts

Related Books for Key Signatures - Introduction.

RMA1

Harmonic Analysis for Scale Selection and Chord Substitution

Updated: 08 Jun 2024

Harmonic Analysis is the understanding of the functional sequence of chords. It is the process used to analyze the harmonic structure of a progression, song or composition. This analysis is then used to make scale selections for improvisation and chord substitution.

PM1

Daily Practice Material for the Contemporary Musician

Updated: 28 Sep 2021

Daily Practice Material for the Contemporary Musician is an organized collection of daily practice and reference material for the contemporary ukulele player. This material can be used to develop the vocabulary and knowledge necessary for single note playing.

A Selection of Books & Reference Charts that are recommended for creating a solid foundation with your chosen instrument and music in general.

Books

Learning the Ukulele Fingerboard – C Tuning

Finally, learn the names of the notes of the fingerboard.

Six Secrets of Ukulele Fingering

Learn the six fingering principles to navigating the ukulele fingerboard. Fingering is one of the most universal topics.

Harmonic Analysis for Scale Selection and Chord Substitution

Harmonic Analysis is the understanding of the functional sequence of chords. It is the process used to analyze the harmonic structure of a progression, song or composition.

Ukulele – Reading Music Series – Primer

Learn to read single note melodies in the first/open position is a lot easier than you might think.

Daily Practice Material for the Contemporary Ukulele

An organized collection of daily practice and reference material for the contemporary ukulele player for developing the vocabulary and knowledge necessary for single note playing.

Checkout the Books for ALL available books.

Reference Charts

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for C Tuning, Low or High G - G C E A

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for C Tuning, Low or High G – G C E A

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for G Tuning, Low or High A – D G B E

Ukulele Fingerboard Chart for G Tuning, Low or High A – D G B E

Key Signatures — Circle of Fourths and Fifths – ANSI A & A4 sizes

A handy reference chart of all 15 major and relative minor key signatures. US Letter 8.5 x 11 sized (ANSI-A) , A4

Checkout the Books for additional Handy, Dandy Reference Charts.

Related Lesson Files, Resources and Assets

Related Assets for Key Signatures - Introduction.

WEB_CONTENT_ONLY

Key Signatures - Cycle of Fourths and Fifths

Updated: 14 Oct 2019

A handy reference chart of all 15 major and relative minor key signatues. US Letter 8.5 x 11 sized.

Site Access Plans for LearningUkulele.com

Forever Access - With Forever Premium Access, you get ALL the benefits of a Premium Access Subscription such as Unlimited 24/7 access to ALL lessons, downloads, songs, play-along jam tracks, videos, email access to Curt, resources, related assets, and ALL books by Curt as FREE downloads. Pretty much everything on the site, and NEVER worry about a subscription or surprise payment again. And jump the queue for responding to any questions.

If you're anything like me (Curt) and getting Subscription overloaded with everything and everybody on-line wanting money from you once a month — I'm with you. For like-minded individuals, this forever plan is a pay once, and you're done.

The price for Unlimited Forever access is right around the cost of a few months of private lessons. I can guarantee there is more than enough material on-line to keep you busy for a long, long time. And, you get all of my books for FREE. That alone is more than the cost of this plan.

Premium Access - This premium gives you Unlimited 24/7 access to ALL lessons, downloads, songs, play-along jam tracks, videos, email access to Curt, resources and related assets. As well as ALL books by Curt Sheller as FREE downloads.

Basic Access - A limited selection of basic lessons — ( currently over 140 ) and 100+ songs for ukulele as well as basic general music reference material — Completely FREE — Simply Register/Signup. HOWEVER - I've been doing ukulele and LearningUkulele.com since 2003 and probably have given too much away already - as reflected in my income from the site in relationship to the time spent on the site. So help support this site and its continued development by signing up for one of the below Premium Access Plans or buy a few of my books. - Thanks, Curt

NOTE: Each higher access level includes ALL the benefits of the lower levels. Private Lessons include all the benefits of a Premium Access Plans as long as you remain a student on the schedule.

Just browsing over both books, they look fantastic! I'm a guitarist and uke player for over 25 years and was thinking about writing a ukulele book but you've already written what I think are the best, most comprehensive and thorough books I've ever seen for the instrument. I just might end up buying every book you've written and I'll be giving my highest recommendation for your books to my friends and students. Thank you so much for taking the time to write such great books!Peter Rhee

Aloha, Curt, All I can say is WOW! What you have accomplished is simply incredible! All the bestGlen Hirabayashi, The Aloha Boys

Folks, if you haven't stopped by Curt's site, do so right now! ..And get his books, they are fantastic. This guy knows his stuff and is able to pass it along too.Alan Johnson Proprietor, The 4th Peg

I can highly recommend Curt's Uke books — I have four of them and they are excellent.fatveg — Portland

Want to drop LearningUkulele.com & Learning Ukulele with Curt a nice comment . We always like to know how we are and you are doing. We'll post any comment, quotes throughout the site and you can help spread the word .

Thanks for visiting and checking out the site!

curtieAnim.gif rw.vg.gif

Original Curtie Animation from 1987 for my first web site on a Macintosh II, 37 years ago. Man, does time fly.

“Built for myself (Curt), and sharing with the `Ukulele community!”

LearningUkulele.com has one of the largest collections of lessons, songs, and TABS, Luthiers, ukulele builders, ukulele festival and club information, and, ukulele links on the web. Curt has been on the ®Internet since the early 1990's and This site just never stops growing!!!

Content is added and updated daily — so check back often. I really do need to get out more ;-)

Love LearningUkulele.com? • Show your support!
Support development via a monthly membership or a one-time forever membership!